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Primary or elementary education
consists of the first years of reserved, planned education that
occur during childhood early education. In most countries, it is
necessary for children to receive primary education though in many
jurisdictions it is permissible for parents to provide it. Primary
education generally begins when children are four to eight years
of age. The division between primary and secondary education is
somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve
years of age. Some educational systems have separate center schools
with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking
place at around the age of fourteen. In the United Kingdom, Ireland,
New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, schools which provide primary
education are referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in
these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior
schools. |
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In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to the optional, selective tertiary, post-secondary, or higher education like, university, professional school for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period or a part of it may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, center schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these varies between the systems. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education varies from state to state and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of education. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States and Canada primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education. The purpose of secondary education can be to give general knowledge, to prepare for either higher education or vocational education, or to train directly to a profession. |
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Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage or post secondary education, often known as academia, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or gymnasium. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. Higher education includes teaching, research and social services activities of universities and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level.In the United Kingdom post-secondary education below the level of higher education is referred to as further education. In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. |
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